There are several different classes of rune, each with its own unique effects. They include:

• Power - Increases physical damage on weapons, poise on block for shields and physical defence on armour.
• Magic - Increases base attack Power, magic block defence on shields and magic defence on armour.
• Poison - Adds the poison damage over time debuff to weapons, increases poison block defence on shields and increases general poison defence on armour.
• Fire - Adds fire damage to weapons (and burning damage over time debuff to susceptible enemies), increases fire block defence on shields and increases fire resistance on armour.
• Luck - Increases the attribute scale on attribute-based weapons, reduces energy loss whilst blocking in shields and increases your weight capacity when assigned to armour.

here are tables covering the major bonuses for each level and type of rune depending on the weapon they are inserted into: